Wyeth Bair, University of Washington, aims to understand neural circuitry and neural coding in the cerebral cortex of the primate visual system. He approaches this problem by recording directly from neurons in the functioning brain in vivo and by creating and refining large scale spiking neural network models that run on parallel computers (see http://www.imodel.org).

• Bair, W., & Movshon, J.A. (2004). Adaptive temporal integration of motion in direction-selective cells in macaque visual cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 7305-7323. [pdf]
• Baker, P. M., & Bair, W. (2012). Inter-neuronal correlation distinguishes mechanisms of direction selectivity in cortical circuit models. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(26), 8800-8816. [pdf]
• Cavanaugh, J. R., Bair, W., & Movshon, J. A. (2002). Nature and interaction of signals from the receptive field center and surround in macaque V1 neurons. Journal of neurophysiology, 88(5), 2530-2546. [pdf]

Jochen Braun, Universität Magdeburg, studies the dynamics of cooperative processes in mid-level vision, such as perceptual organization, multi-stable perception, and visual attention. To this end, he combines detailed visual psychophysics with dynamic models of the collective activity of (highly idealized) cortical columns (see http://kobi.nat.uni-magdeburg.de).

• Braun, J., & Mattia, M. (2010). Attractors and noise: Twin drivers of decisions and multistability. Neuroimage, 52(3), 740-751. [pdf]
• Pastukhov, A., Garcia-Rodriguez, P.E., Haenicke, J., Guillamon, A., Deco, G., & Braun, J. (2013). Multi-stable perception balances stability and sensitivity. Front. Comput. Neurosci, 7: 17. [pdf]

Wolfgang Einhäuser-Treyer, TU Chemnitz, works on attention and eye movements during natural-scene processing and in real-world tasks, and uses rivalry to study commonalities between perception, action and decision-making.

• Einhäuser, W., Stout, J., Koch, C., & Carter, O. (2008). Pupil dilation reflects perceptual selection and predicts subsequent stability in perceptual rivalry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105(5): 1704-1709. [pdf]
  
• 't Hart, B.M., & Einhäuser, W. (2012). Mind the step: complementary effects of an implicit task on eye and head movements in real-life gaze allocation. Exp Brain Res, 223(2): 233-249. [pdf]

Roland Fleming, Universität Giessen, works on perception of shape, illumination and materials (psychophysics, computer graphics, modeling).

• Fleming, R.W. (2014). Visual Perception of Materials and their Properties. Vision Research, 94, 62-75. [pdf]
• Muryy, A., Welchman, A.E., Blake, A. and R.W. Fleming (2013). Specular reflections and the estimation of shape from binocular disparity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(6): 2413-2418. [pdf]

Karl Gegenfurtner, Universität Giessen, works on color vision, natural images, and the relationship between perception and action (psychophysics).

• Gegenfurtner, K.R., Bloj, M. & Toscani, M. (2015) The many colours of the dress. Current Biology, 25, R543-R544. [pdf]
• Toscani, M., Valsecchi, M. & Gegenfurtner, K.R. (2013) Optimal sampling of visual information for lightness judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 110(27), 11163-11168. [pdf]
• Hansen, T., Olkkonen, M., Walter, S. & Gegenfurtner, K.R. (2006) Memory modulates color appearance. Nature Neuroscience,  9, 1367-1368. [pdf]
• Gegenfurtner, K.R. & Kiper, D.C. (2003) Color vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 26, 181-206. [pdf]

Michael Goldberg, Columbia University, New York studies the physiology of cognitive processes to understand how the brain accomplishes visual attention, spatial perception, and decision-making ( psychophysics, neurophysiology)

• Wang, X., M. Zhang, I. S. Cohen and M. E. Goldberg (2007). "The proprioceptive representation of eye position in monkey primary somatosensory cortex." Nat Neurosci 10(5): 640-646. [pdf]
• Bisley, J. W. and M. E. Goldberg (2010). "Attention, Intention, and Priority in the Parietal Lobe." Annu Rev Neurosci 33: 1-21 [pdf]
  
• Ipata, A., A. Gee and M. Goldberg (2012). "Feature attention evokes task-specific pattern selectivity in V4 neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109(42): 16778-16785. [pdf]
• Xu, B., C. Karachi and M. Goldberg (2012). "The postsaccadic unreliability of gain fields renders it unlikely that the motor system can use them to calculate target position in space." Neuron 76(6): 1201-1209. [pdf]
• Wang, X., C. C. Fung, S. Guan, S. Wu, M. E. Goldberg and M. Zhang (2016). "Perisaccadic Receptive Field Expansion in the Lateral Intraparietal Area." Neuron 90(2): 400-409. [pdf]

Bob Kentridge, University of Durham, examines the relationship between visual attention and visual consciousness as well as the perception of the material properties of objects..

• Kentridge, R.W., Heywood, C.A., & Weiskrantz, L. (2004). Spatial attention speeds discrimination without awareness in blindsight. Neuropsychologica 42, 831-835. [pdf]
  
• Kentridge, R.W., Nijboer, T.C.W., & Heywood, C.A. (2008). Attended but unseen: Visual attention is not sufficient for visual awareness. Neuropsychologica 46, 864-869. [pdf]
• Norman, L.J., Heywood, C.A., & Kentridge, R.W. (2013). Object-Based Attention Without Awareness. Psychological Science. 24(6),836-844. [pdf]

Jan Koenderink, Leuven University and Giessen University, is a Dutch mathematician and psychologist known for his researches on visual perception, computer vision, and geometry.

• Koenderink, J.J. (2016). About Shape [pdf]
  
• Koenderink, J.J. (1984). The structure of images. Biological Cybernetics, 50, 363-370. [pdf]
  
• Koenderink, J.J. (1986). Optic flow. Vision Research, 26, 161-180. [pdf]
• Koenderink, J.J., & van Doorn, A.J. (1991). Affine structure from motion. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 8, 377-385. [pdf]

Zoe Kourtzi, University of Cambridge, focuses on imaging the neural processes in the human brain that mediate complex, adaptive cognitive functions and behaviour.

• Li, S., Mayhew, S. D., & Kourtzi, Z. (2009). Learning shapes the representation of behavioral choice in the human brain. Neuron 62, 441-452. [pdf]
  
• Li, S., Ostwald, D., Giese, M., & Kourtzi, Z. (2007). Flexible coding for categorical decisions in the human brain. J Neurosci. 27(45):12321-12330. [pdf]

Ilona Kovács, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, focuses on the development and plasticity of the human visual system, including clinical aspects (psychophysics, electrophysiology).

• Kovács, I., Kozma, P., Fehér, Á., & Benedek, G. (1999). Late maturation of visual spatial integration in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(21), 12204-1220. [pdf]
• Jandó, G., Mikó-Baráth, E., Markó, K.,Hollódy, K.,Török, B. & Kovacs, I. (2012). Early onset binocularity in preterm infants reveals experience-dependent visual development in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(27):11049-52 [pdf]

Larry Maloney, New York University, works on models of human performance based on mathematical statistics, physics and mathematics.

• Ernst, M. O. & Bülthoff, H. H. (2004). Merging the senses into a robust percept. Trends in Cognitive Science, 8, 162-169.[pdf]
  
• Trommershäuser, J., Maloney, L. T. & Landy M. S. (2008). Decision making, movement planning and statistical decision theory. Trends in Cognitive Science, 12, 291-297. [pdf]
• Geisler, W.S. (1989). Sequential-ideal observer analysis of visual discriminations. Psychological Review, 96, 267-314.[pdf]
  
• Landy, M. S., Maloney, L. T., Johnston, E. B., & Young, M. (1995). Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: In defense of weak fusion. Vision Research, 35, 389-412. [pdf]

Kevan Martin, Universität Zürich, studies the principles underlying neocortical computation; he combines anatomical (on the level of single synapses) and functional connectivity with fundamental models of neocortical circuitry.

• Douglas, R.J., & Martin, K.A. (2004). Neuronal circuits of the neocortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 27, 419–451. [pdf]
• Douglas, R.J., & Martin, K.A. (2012). Behavioral architecture of the cortical sheet. Curr Biol, 22(24):R1033-8. [pdf]
• Martin K.A., & Schröder, S. (2013). Functional heterogeneity in neighboring neurons of cat primary visual cortex in response to both artificial and natural stimuli. J Neurosci, 33(17):7325-44. [pdf]

Tony  Movshon, Center for Neural Science, New York, studies the function and development of the primate visual system, particularly the neurophysiological basis of motion perception (electrophysiology, psychophysics).

V1 Lecture:

• Priebe, N. J., & Ferster, D. (2012). Mechanisms of Neuronal Computation in Mammalian Visual Cortex. Neuron, 75, 194-208. [pdf]
  
• Lennie, P., & Movshon, J. A. (2005). Coding of color an form in the geniculostriate visual pathway. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 22(10), 2013-2033. [pdf]
• Rust, N. C., & Movshon, J. A. (2005). In praise of artifice. Nature Neuroscience, 8(12), 1647-1650. [pdf]

• Hedges, J. H., Gartshteyn, Y., Kohn, A., Rust, N. C., Shadlen, M. N, Newsome, W. T., & Movshon, J. A. (2011). Dissociation of Neuronal and Psychophysical Responses to Local and Global Motion. Current Biology, 21(23), 2023-2028. [pdf] 
  
• Rust, N. C., Mante, V., Simoncelli, E. P., & Movshon, J. A. (2006). How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns Nature Neuroscience, 9(11), 1421-1431. [pdf]
• Movshon, J. A., Adelson, E. H., Gizzi, M. S., & Newsome, W. T. (1985). The analysis of moving visual patterns. In C. Chagas, R. Gattass, & C.Gross (Eds.), Pattern Recognition Mechanisms. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia, 54, 117-151. Rome: Vatican Press. (Reprinted in Experimental Brain Research, Supplementum 11, 117-151, 1986). [pdf]
  

Anitha Pasupathy, University of Washington ,works on the neural basis of visual shape perception and recognition, the ability to identify and recognize objects from all angles, distances, and in almost any lighting condition. She uses single cell neurophysiological studies in awake monkeys, behavioral manipulations, computational modeling and reversible inactivation techniques to investigate how the information reaching our eyes is represented in the neural activity patterns in the brain, how these representations are transformed in successive stages and finally how these representations inform behavior.

• Pasupathy, A., & Brincat, S. L. (2012). Population Coding of Object Contour Shape in V4 and Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex. In: Visual Population Codes: Toward a Common Multivariate Framework for Cell Recording and Functional Imaging, 189. [pdf]
• Bushnell, B. N., Harding, P. J., Kosai, Y., & Pasupathy, A. (2011). Partial occlusion modulates contour-based shape encoding in primate area V4. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(11), 4012-4024. [pdf]
• Bushnell, B. N., & Pasupathy, A. (2012). Shape encoding consistency across colors in primate V4. Journal of Neurophysiology, 108(5), 1299-1308. [pdf]
• Pasupathy, A., & Connor, C. E. (2002). Population coding of shape in area V4. Nature neuroscience, 5(12), 1332-1338. [pdf]

Pieter Roelfsema, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Amsterdam, is interested in how attentional processes coordinate neuronal activity in different brain areas (electrophysiology).

• Lorteije, J.A.M., Zylberberg, A., Ouellette, B.G., De Zeeuw, C.I., Sigman, M. & Roelfsema, P.R. (2015) The formation of hierarchical decisions in the visual cortex. Neuron, 87, 1344­1356. [pdf]
• Self, M.W., van Kerkoerle, T., Supèr, H. & Roelfsema, P.R. (2013) Distinct roles of the cortical layers of area V1 in figure-ground segregation, Curr. Biol., 23, 2121-2129. [pdf]
• Poort, J., Raudies, F., Wannig, A., Lamme, V.A.F., Neumann, H. & Roelfsema, P.R. (2012) The role of attention in figure-ground segregation in areas V1 and V4 of the visual cortex. Neuron, 75, 143-156. [pdf]
• Wannig, A., Stanisor, L., Roelfsema, P.R. (2011) Automatic spread of attentional response modulation according to Gestalt criteria in primary visual cortex. Nature Neurosci., 14, 1243-1244. [pdf]

Stefan Treue, German Primate Center Göttingen, works on the neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex (electrophysiology, psychophysics, modeling).

• Maunsell, J. H. R., & Treue, S. (2006). Feature-based attention in visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 29(6), 317-322. [pdf]
• Treue, S. (2001). Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 24, 295-300. [pdf]

• Masland, R. H. (2001). The fundamental plan of the retina. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 877-886. [pdf]
• He, S., et al. (2003). Seeing more clearly. Recent advances in understanding retinal circuitry. Science, 302, 408-411. [pdf]
• Wässle, H. (2004). Parallel Processing in the Mammalian Retina. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 1-11. [pdf]
• Wässle, H. (2008). Decomposing a Cone's Output (Parallel Processing). In Alan I. Basbaum, Akimichi Kaneko, Gordon M. Shepherd and Gerald Westheimer (eds.). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Vol 1, Vision I, Richard Masland and Thomas D. Albright. San Diego: Academic Press. [pdf]

Andrew Welchman, University of Cambridge, is interested in psychophysics and modelling of 3D vision, brain imaging and movement synchronisation.

• Ban H & Welchman AE (2015) fMRI analysis-by-synthesis reveals a dorsal hierarchy that extracts surface slant. Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 9823-35. [pdf]
• Goncalves NR, Ban H, Sánchez-Panchuelo RM, Francis ST, Schluppeck D & Welchman AE (2015) 7 tesla FMRI reveals systematic functional organization for binocular disparity in dorsal visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 3056-72. [pdf]
• Chang DHF, Mevorach C, Kourtzi Z & Welchman AE (2014) Training transfers the limits on perception from parietal to ventral cortex. Current Biology 24, 2445–2450. [pdf]
• Ban H, Preston TJ, Meeson A & Welchman AE (2012) The integration of motion and disparity cues to depth in dorsal visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 636-43. [pdf]